Imagine the economy is like a big market, and the MPR (Monetary Policy Rate) is the price of borrowing money set by the Central Bank.

When the Central Bank cuts rates, it means:

“Banks, businesses, and people can borrow money more cheaply.”

This can affect the NGX (stock market), the economy, and prices in different ways.

1. Effect on NGX (Stock Market)

When interest rates fall:

Bank deposits and Treasury Bills may offer lower returns.
Some investors move money from savings and money market funds into stocks.
More money enters the stock market.

Example:

Before:

Treasury Bill = 22%
Stocks = Risky

After rate cut:

Treasury Bill = 16%

Some investors say:

“Let me buy MTN, Seplat, Access, or NIDF for better returns.”

This can help push stock prices up.

2. Effect on Businesses

Businesses can borrow at lower costs.

Example:

Before:

Company borrows at 25%

After:

Company borrows at 20%

Cheaper loans can help companies:

Expand operations
Buy equipment
Employ more workers

If companies perform better, their profits may improve, which can support their share prices.

3. Effect on the Economy

Lower rates can encourage:
More spending
More investing
More business activities
More jobs

Think of it as:

Rate cut = More money flowing around the economy.

4. Effect on Price Stability (Inflation)

This is where the Central Bank must be careful.

If too much money enters the economy:

More people buy goods
Demand increases
Prices may rise

Example:

If many people suddenly have money to buy rice, cars, or houses:

More buyers + Limited goods = Higher prices (inflation)

That is why the CBN tries to balance:

Economic growth
Stable prices