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  1. Asked: June 1, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    How Long Does It Take for a Money Market Fund Investment to Reflect in My Portfolio After Subscription?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 3 months ago

    For a first-time investment in a Money Market Mutual Fund on InvestNaija, it is normal if the portfolio does not appear immediately after funding. Typically: Same business day to 1–3 business days after your payment is successfully received and processed. If you invested today, especially outside thRead more

    For a first-time investment in a Money Market Mutual Fund on InvestNaija, it is normal if the portfolio does not appear immediately after funding.
    Typically:
    Same business day to 1–3 business days after your payment is successfully received and processed.
    If you invested today, especially outside the fund manager’s processing cut-off time, the units may be allocated on the next business day and reflected afterward.
    Since your KYC is already complete, that removes one of the common causes of delay.
    A few things to check:
    Confirm that the money has actually left your bank account.
    Check whether the transaction status in InvestNaija shows Successful, Pending, or Processing.
    Look for any email or in-app confirmation of your subscription.
    If the transaction was successful today, I would generally expect the units or portfolio position to appear within 1–3 business days. If it has not appeared after that period, contact InvestNaija support with:
    Transaction reference number
    Amount invested
    Date and time of payment
    Keep in mind that the wallet balance may update before the mutual fund units are allocated, because fund units are usually created after the fund manager processes the subscription.

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  2. Asked: June 1, 2026In: STOCK & CAPITAL MARKET

    How Do Federal Government Savings Bonds Work in Nigeria?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 3 months ago

    Yes, FGN Savings Bonds can sometimes be used as collateral for a bank loan, but whether a bank will accept them and how much it will lend depends on the bank's credit policy. How FGN Savings Bonds Work If you invest ₦30 million in an FGN Savings Bond: You become a creditor to the Federal Government.Read more

    Yes, FGN Savings Bonds can sometimes be used as collateral for a bank loan, but whether a bank will accept them and how much it will lend depends on the bank’s credit policy.
    How FGN Savings Bonds Work
    If you invest ₦30 million in an FGN Savings Bond:
    You become a creditor to the Federal Government.
    The government pays you interest every quarter.
    At maturity (typically 2 or 3 years), you receive your ₦30 million principal back.
    The bond is held electronically through your CSCS account and broker, not as a traditional paper certificate.
    Can You Borrow ₦50 Million Against a ₦30 Million Bond?
    Generally, no.
    Banks usually lend only a percentage of the value of the collateral. This is called the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio.
    For high-quality securities like government bonds, a bank might lend:
    70%–90% of the bond’s value, depending on the bank and bond type.
    Using ₦30 million as collateral:
    LTV Ratio
    Possible Loan
    70%
    ₦21 million
    80%
    ₦24 million
    90%
    ₦27 million
    A ₦50 million loan against a ₦30 million bond would mean borrowing about 167% of the collateral value, which is generally beyond normal lending practice.
    Why Banks Like Government Bonds as Collateral
    Because they are:
    Backed by the Federal Government.
    Relatively low-risk.
    Easy to value.
    Capable of generating income while pledged.
    Important Considerations
    Before accepting the bond as collateral, the bank may consider:
    The remaining time to maturity.
    The bond’s market value.
    Your income and repayment capacity.
    Existing banking relationship and credit history.
    Alternative Scenario
    If you had:
    ₦30 million in FGN Savings Bonds, and
    Additional income, assets, or cash flow,
    the bank might consider a larger facility based on the overall credit profile, but not solely because of the ₦30 million bond investment.
    So, as a rule of thumb:
    ₦30 million in FGN Savings Bonds could potentially support a loan in the neighborhood of ₦21–₦27 million, depending on the bank’s LTV policy, but not typically ₦50 million on the bond alone.
    If your goal is to maximize borrowing power while keeping your investment intact, I can explain how Nigerian banks treat:
    FGN Savings Bonds,
    Treasury Bills,
    FGN Bonds,
    Fixed Deposits,
    Shares in a CSCS account,
    as collateral, and which usually gives the highest loan-to-value ratio.

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  3. Asked: June 1, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    Is the FGN Savings Bond Currently Open for Subscription in Nigeria?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Replied to answer about 3 months ago

    Understanding these investment options is important because although they are all considered relatively low-to-moderate risk, they work very differently. 1. FGN Savings Bond This is a government-backed investment created mainly for ordinary Nigerians. How it works You lend money to the Federal GoverRead more

    Understanding these investment options is important because although they are all considered relatively low-to-moderate risk, they work very differently.
    1. FGN Savings Bond
    This is a government-backed investment created mainly for ordinary Nigerians.
    How it works
    You lend money to the Federal Government and receive:
    Fixed interest (coupon)
    Quarterly interest payments
    Full capital repayment at maturity
    Current June 2026 offer:
    2-Year Bond: 13.777% p.a.
    3-Year Bond: 14.777% p.a.
    Minimum investment: ₦5,000
    Interest paid every 3 months
    Example
    If you invest ₦100,000 in a 14.777% bond:
    Annual interest:
    100,000×14.777%=14,777
    Quarterly payment:
    14,777÷4=3,694 approximately
    You receive roughly ₦3,694 every quarter and your ₦100,000 back at maturity.
    Advantages
    ✅ Government-backed
    ✅ Low minimum (₦5,000)
    ✅ Predictable income
    ✅ Suitable for beginners
    Disadvantages
    ❌ Money is tied up for 2–3 years
    ❌ Interest is not automatically compounded
    ❌ Inflation can reduce real returns
    Best for
    People building wealth gradually and wanting safety.
    2. FGN Bond Auction
    This is different from the FGN Savings Bond.
    It is where:
    Banks
    Pension Funds
    Insurance Companies
    Large Investors
    buy longer-term government bonds.
    Typical maturities:
    5 years
    7 years
    10 years
    20 years
    30 years
    Example
    You buy a 10-year FGN Bond yielding 15%.
    Government pays coupon periodically and returns principal after 10 years.
    Advantages
    ✅ Usually higher liquidity
    ✅ Tradable on the secondary market
    ✅ Large institutional participation
    Disadvantages
    ❌ Higher entry requirements through brokers
    ❌ Bond prices fluctuate
    ❌ More complex for beginners
    Best for
    Experienced investors and people with larger capital.
    3. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
    Treasury Bills are short-term government debt.
    Tenors usually:
    91 days
    182 days
    364 days
    Instead of paying periodic interest, they are sold at a discount.
    Example
    Suppose:
    Face Value = ₦100,000
    Purchase Price = ₦90,000
    At maturity:
    Government pays ₦100,000
    Profit: ₦10,000
    Advantages
    ✅ Very safe
    ✅ Short duration
    ✅ Good for parking money
    Disadvantages
    ❌ No regular cashflow
    ❌ Must reinvest when maturity arrives
    ❌ Yield changes frequently
    Best for
    Emergency funds, short-term goals, or waiting for other opportunities.
    4. Money Market Mutual Fund
    This is where many Nigerian beginners start.
    Examples include funds managed by:
    ARM Investment Managers
    Stanbic IBTC Asset Management
    Meristem Wealth Management
    Coronation Asset Management
    The fund manager pools money from thousands of investors and invests in:
    Treasury Bills
    Commercial Papers
    Bank placements
    Government securities
    How returns work
    Returns are usually accumulated daily and reflected in your unit price/NAV.
    This means:
    Earnings stay inside the fund
    Returns effectively compound automatically
    That is why you asked earlier whether ARM’s Aggressive Growth Fund compounds. Most mutual funds reinvest gains unless distributions are paid out separately.
    Advantages
    ✅ Daily compounding effect
    ✅ Easy withdrawal
    ✅ Professional management
    ✅ Very beginner-friendly
    Disadvantages
    ❌ Returns are not fixed
    ❌ Fund management fees apply
    ❌ Returns can fall when interest rates fall
    Best for
    Monthly savers and long-term wealth building.
    Comparison Table
    Feature
    FGN Savings Bond
    FGN Bond Auction
    T-Bills
    Money Market Fund
    Safety
    Very High
    Very High
    Very High
    High
    Minimum Entry
    ₦5,000
    Usually higher
    Varies
    Often ₦1,000–₦5,000
    Tenor
    2–3 Years
    5–30 Years
    3–12 Months
    Flexible
    Liquidity
    Moderate
    Moderate–High
    High
    High
    Fixed Return
    Yes
    Yes
    Yes
    No
    Compounding
    No (unless reinvested)
    No (unless reinvested)
    No (unless reinvested)
    Yes, generally
    Beginner Friendly
    Very High
    Moderate
    High
    Very High
    Volatility
    Very Low
    Low–Moderate
    Very Low
    Very Low
    If You Are Investing ₦5,000–₦10,000 Monthly
    For someone gradually building capital in Nigeria:
    Stage 1 (₦5k–₦100k savings)
    70–80%:
    Money Market Fund
    20–30%:
    FGN Savings Bond whenever subscription opens
    Reason: You maintain liquidity while still earning attractive yields.
    Stage 2 (₦500k–₦1m+)
    You can begin combining:
    Money Market Fund
    FGN Savings Bond
    Treasury Bills
    Selected dividend-paying NGX stocks
    Stage 3 (Long-term wealth building)
    A balanced structure could look like:
    40% Money Market Fund
    20% FGN Savings Bonds
    20% Treasury Bills
    20% Quality NGX Shares
    This gives:
    Liquidity
    Government-backed stability
    Dividend income
    Capital appreciation potential
    One important distinction: for most small Nigerian investors contributing monthly, a good Money Market Fund is often more practical than repeatedly buying FGN Savings Bonds because the fund compounds continuously and allows easier withdrawals, while FGN Savings Bonds are better when you want to lock in a known yield for 2–3 years.

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  4. Asked: June 1, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    Is the FGN Savings Bond Currently Open for Subscription in Nigeria?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 4 months ago

    Yes. The notification you received is most likely for a new FGN Savings Bond offer, not the old one that closed months ago. The Debt Management Office (DMO) has opened the June 2026 FGN Savings Bond subscription, and it was published today, June 1, 2026. A key thing to know is that FGN Savings BondsRead more

    Yes. The notification you received is most likely for a new FGN Savings Bond offer, not the old one that closed months ago.
    The Debt Management Office (DMO) has opened the June 2026 FGN Savings Bond subscription, and it was published today, June 1, 2026.
    A key thing to know is that FGN Savings Bonds are issued monthly. Each month’s offer opens for subscription for a few days and then closes. After it closes, a new offer is released the following month with potentially different interest rates and maturity dates.
    For the current June 2026 offer:
    Subscription opened on June 1, 2026.
    It is a different issuance from the previous months’ offers.
    The June offer is reported to have yields of up to about 14.8% per annum.
    Minimum investment remains ₦5,000, with units sold at ₦1,000 per unit and a maximum subscription of ₦50 million.
    You can verify the current offer directly on the official dmo.gov.ng, where each month’s subscription document is published separately.
    One thing to note: if you invested in a previous FGN Savings Bond that has already been allotted, that investment remains active until maturity. The new June offer is simply another opportunity to buy additional bonds; it does not replace or affect your earlier subscription.
    If you want, I can also explain the difference between:
    FGN Savings Bond
    FGN Bond Auction
    Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
    Money Market Funds
    and show which currently makes the most sense for someone investing ₦5,000–₦10,000 monthly in Nigeria.

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  5. Asked: June 1, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    Does ARM Aggressive Growth Fund Use Compounding to Grow Investors’ Wealth?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 4 months ago

    Yes. The arm.com.ng can compound your investment over time, but it does so through growth in the fund's Net Asset Value (NAV) and the reinvestment of earnings, rather than through a fixed interest rate like a savings account. A strong indication is that ARM's factsheet reports performance using an aRead more

    Yes. The arm.com.ng can compound your investment over time, but it does so through growth in the fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV) and the reinvestment of earnings, rather than through a fixed interest rate like a savings account.
    A strong indication is that ARM’s factsheet reports performance using an assumption of reinvested dividends. In other words, dividends generated by the underlying stocks are assumed to remain invested in the fund, allowing future returns to be earned on past gains—a form of compounding.
    For example:
    If you invest ₦100,000 and the fund gains 20%, your value becomes ₦120,000.
    If the following year it gains another 20%, the gain is on ₦120,000, not the original ₦100,000.
    Your value becomes ₦144,000, which is the effect of compounding.
    Keep in mind:
    Returns are not guaranteed because the fund invests mainly in Nigerian equities (stocks).
    Some years may have very high returns, while others may have low or negative returns.
    Compounding works best when you stay invested for many years and continue adding money regularly.
    If you tell me:
    Your monthly contribution (e.g., ₦10,000, ₦20,000, ₦50,000), and
    How many years you plan to invest,
    I can estimate how much your investment could grow under different return scenarios.

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  6. Asked: June 1, 2026In: BUSINESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

    Why Are Shares Purchased Through Invest.NGX Not Reflecting on My Bamboo Account?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 4 months ago

    This is usually not a problem with Bamboo itself. When you buy shares through invest.ngxgroup.com, the shares are allotted and then credited to the CSCS account linked to the application. The process can take several business days after the offer closes or after the shares are officially allotted. ARead more

    This is usually not a problem with Bamboo itself.
    When you buy shares through invest.ngxgroup.com, the shares are allotted and then credited to the CSCS account linked to the application. The process can take several business days after the offer closes or after the shares are officially allotted.
    A few things to check:
    Has the share offer been allotted yet?
    If it was a public offer, rights issue, or offer for subscription, the shares may not be credited immediately after payment.
    Wait for the allotment and CSCS credit process to be completed.
    Is the CSCS account the same as the one linked to Bamboo?
    If you used a different CSCS account when applying on NGX Invest, the shares will not appear in Bamboo.
    Check the CSCS account number you entered during the application.
    Check your allotment notification
    NGX Invest or the issuing house usually sends an email/SMS showing the number of shares allotted and the CSCS account credited.
    Contact Bamboo support
    If the shares have already been allotted and credited to the same CSCS account linked to Bamboo, Bamboo may need to refresh or reconcile your portfolio records.
    To help further, can you tell me:
    Which company’s shares did you buy?
    Was it a public offer, rights issue, or regular secondary-market purchase?
    What date did you make the purchase?
    Did you use the same CHN/CSCS details that are linked to your Bamboo account?
    With those details, I can explain exactly when the shares should appear and what the next step should be.

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  7. Asked: May 31, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    What Are the Best Investment Apps for Students in Nigeria?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Replied to answer about 4 months ago

    With a monthly range of ₦5,000–₦10,000, you should focus on apps that support fractional investing, low minimum deposits, and simple “auto-invest” features. The most beginner-friendly options in Nigeria are mainly grouped into mutual fund apps and investment platforms with pre-built portfolios. HereRead more

    With a monthly range of ₦5,000–₦10,000, you should focus on apps that support fractional investing, low minimum deposits, and simple “auto-invest” features. The most beginner-friendly options in Nigeria are mainly grouped into mutual fund apps and investment platforms with pre-built portfolios.
    Here are the best practical options:
    1. Cowrywise — Best for beginners (very simple)
    Lets you start with as low as ₦1,000
    Focus: money market funds + mutual funds
    Automatic monthly saving/investing (you can set ₦5k–₦10k easily)
    Very clean interface, minimal confusion
    Good for: first-time investors who want safety + stability
    👉 Why it fits you: You don’t need to pick stocks or time the market.
    2. PiggyVest — Best for disciplined saving + investing
    Minimum investment: ~₦5,000 depending on plan
    Strong for locked savings + flexible savings + low-risk investment plans
    “SafeLock” helps build discipline
    Simple dashboard, easy to understand
    👉 Best if: You want to build consistency first before riskier investing
    3. Risevest — Moderate risk, higher growth
    Lets you invest in:
    US stocks (via managed portfolios)
    Real estate portfolios
    Fixed income (lower risk option available)
    Minimum: around ₦5,000–₦10,000 depending on plan
    👉 Best if: You want growth beyond savings, but still guided (not manual stock picking)
    4. Trove — More flexible (stocks + ETFs)
    Access to:
    Nigerian stocks
    US stocks
    ETFs
    Can start small (fractional investing available)
    Slightly more complex than Cowrywise/PiggyVest
    👉 Best if: You want to slowly move into actual stock investing
    Simple Recommendation for You (important)
    With ₦5k–₦10k monthly and as a first timer:
    Start like this:
    Primary app: Cowrywise (₦5k–₦7k monthly → money market fund)
    Optional second step (after 2–3 months): Risevest or Trove (₦2k–₦3k exposure to growth assets)
    Key principle (very important)
    For beginners in Nigeria:
    Money Market Fund = stability + liquidity + low risk
    Stocks = long-term growth but volatile
    Don’t rush into stocks until you understand consistency first

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  8. Asked: May 31, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    How Can I Recover Old Shares Purchased in Nigeria and Transfer Them to a Modern Brokerage Account?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 4 months ago

    You are dealing with two separate issues here: Recovering your NAHCO shares (ownership) Recovering unpaid dividends (money owed to you) I’ll break it down in a clean, practical way using how the Nigerian capital market actually works (CSCS + registrars system). 1. First important truth: Your sharesRead more

    You are dealing with two separate issues here:
    Recovering your NAHCO shares (ownership)
    Recovering unpaid dividends (money owed to you)
    I’ll break it down in a clean, practical way using how the Nigerian capital market actually works (CSCS + registrars system).
    1. First important truth: Your shares are NOT lost
    Even if:
    You don’t have certificates anymore
    You stopped receiving dividend alerts
    You changed address, phone, or email
    Your shares in Nigerian Aviation Handling Company Plc still exist because they are held electronically in the system via:
    CSCS (Central Securities Clearing System)
    Registrar: CardinalStone Registrars Limited
    So this is not “lost money”—it is a record tracing problem, not an ownership problem.
    2. Why you stopped receiving dividends
    From what you described (you used to receive dividend certificates before), the most likely causes are:
    Your bank details were never migrated to e-dividend system
    Change of address / phone number
    Name mismatch (e.g., spelling, middle name differences)
    Shares not fully dematerialized into CSCS properly
    Dividends now being classified as unclaimed dividends
    This is very common in Nigeria after dematerialisation.
    3. How to recover your shares (STEP-BY-STEP)
    Step 1: Contact the Registrar (CardinalStone)
    You must start here.
    Send them:
    Full name used when buying shares
    Old addresses (very important)
    Phone number(s) used then
    Any old dividend warrant / certificate (if available)
    Means of ID (NIN, passport, etc.)
    Ask specifically for:
    “GLOBAL SEARCH of my shareholder record and CSCS number”
    They will check across:
    NAHCO register
    Old physical records
    CSCS database
    Step 2: Request your CHN / CSCS details
    If your shares exist electronically, they will retrieve:
    Your CHN (Clearing House Number)
    Number of shares held
    Dividend history
    This step confirms ownership officially.
    Step 3: Fill e-Dividend Mandate Form
    This is CRITICAL.
    You must complete the e-dividend form so future payments go directly to your bank.
    This is also available through the registrar or your bank.
    Once processed:
    All future dividends will go straight into your account
    No more dividend certificates
    Step 4: Claim ALL unclaimed dividends
    Once your records are corrected, you can request:
    Backlog dividends (past unpaid ones)
    This is handled by:
    CardinalStone Registrars
    Sometimes via SEC unclaimed dividend portal
    4. What if shares are “missing” or not found?
    If the registrar says they cannot immediately find your record:
    Then you escalate with a global search through stockbrokers/CSCS tracing.
    They may ask:
    Old broker name (very important)
    Employment records (since you said service year shares)
    Any purchase receipts
    This is standard “lost shareholder trace process” in Nigeria.
    5. Do NOT panic about ownership
    Even without documents:
    Your shares cannot disappear
    Companies and registrars are legally required to maintain records
    Worst case: it takes longer to trace, not that it is gone
    This is supported by how CSCS maintains all listed securities electronically in Nigeria’s market system
    6. What you should do TODAY (simple action plan)
    Write down your full old details (as used during NYSC)
    Contact:
    cardinalstoneregistrars.com
    Request:
    Global search
    CSCS retrieval
    Fill e-dividend form
    Confirm bank details for payment
    7. If you want, I can help you go further
    If you reply with:
    Approx year you bought the shares
    Whether you used a stockbroker (and name if you remember)
    Whether you still have any dividend slip
    I can map out a very precise recovery path for your exact case, including what to say when you contact the registrar so you don’t get bounced around.

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  9. Asked: May 31, 2026In: INVESTING & WEALTH BUILDING

    What Is the Minimum Holding Period Before Redeeming a Money Market Fund Investment?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 4 months ago

    For the Chapel Hill Denham Money Market Fund available through investnaija.com, the stated minimum holding period is 30 days. If you redeem before 30 days The fund's terms indicate a 30-day minimum holding period. Some Nigerian money market funds impose penalties on accrued returns when investors reRead more

    For the Chapel Hill Denham Money Market Fund available through investnaija.com, the stated minimum holding period is 30 days.
    If you redeem before 30 days
    The fund’s terms indicate a 30-day minimum holding period. Some Nigerian money market funds impose penalties on accrued returns when investors redeem within that period.
    If you redeem after 30 days
    You are generally entitled to the return that has accrued on your investment during the period you were invested, subject to the fund’s pricing and distribution rules. The fund is designed to provide liquidity and allows investors to enter and exit relatively easily after the minimum holding period
    Example
    Suppose you invest:
    ₦100,000 on June 1
    Redeem on July 2 (31 days later)
    You would normally receive:
    Your principal (₦100,000), plus
    The return accrued during those 31 days
    The exact amount depends on the fund’s prevailing yield during that period and how returns are calculated and distributed. Money market fund returns are not fixed like a bank fixed deposit; they fluctuate with market conditions.
    Practical takeaway
    Minimum holding period: 30 days.
    After 30 days: You can redeem and receive your principal plus accrued returns.
    Redemption processing: Many Nigerian money market funds settle redemptions within about 2–3 working days.

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  10. Asked: May 31, 2026In: TAX & GOVERNMENT FINANCE

    Is a Business Loan Taxable Income in Nigeria for Tax Purposes?

    Ochoyoda
    Ochoyoda Community Builder
    Added an answer about 4 months ago

    In general, a genuine loan is not taxable income. If you borrow ₦5,000,000 and it is paid into your bank account, the fact that the money entered your account does not by itself make it taxable. However, the tax treatment depends on whether you are looking at personal tax or business tax, and whetheRead more

    In general, a genuine loan is not taxable income. If you borrow ₦5,000,000 and it is paid into your bank account, the fact that the money entered your account does not by itself make it taxable.
    However, the tax treatment depends on whether you are looking at personal tax or business tax, and whether you can demonstrate that the money is truly a loan.
    1. Is the ₦5,000,000 loan taxable?
    Normally, no.
    A loan creates:
    An asset (cash received)
    A liability (obligation to repay)
    Since you must repay the money, it is not considered profit or income.
    For example:
    Transaction
    Taxable?
    Salary received
    Yes
    Business profit earned
    Yes
    Dividend received
    Usually yes (subject to applicable rules)
    Bank loan received
    No
    Loan from family/friend to be repaid
    No
    The key point is that there should be evidence that it is genuinely a loan:
    Loan agreement
    Repayment schedule
    Bank transfer records
    Correspondence between lender and borrower
    Without supporting documentation, tax authorities may ask questions if large unexplained inflows appear in an account.
    2. Can the borrowed principal be deducted from tax?
    Generally, no.
    The ₦5,000,000 itself is not a deductible expense because it is not a business cost; it is financing.
    Likewise, repaying the principal amount is usually not tax-deductible.
    Example:
    Borrow ₦5,000,000
    Repay ₦5,000,000 over three years
    The repayment itself normally does not reduce taxable profit.
    3. What about interest on the loan?
    This is where things differ.
    If the loan is used for business purposes, interest paid on the loan is often treated as a business finance expense and may be deductible when calculating taxable business profits, subject to the applicable tax rules and limitations.
    Example:
    Loan: ₦5,000,000
    Interest paid during year: ₦500,000
    Business profit before interest: ₦3,000,000
    The interest expense may reduce the taxable profit calculation if it qualifies under the relevant tax provisions.
    For significant amounts, it is worth obtaining advice from a Nigerian tax professional because deductibility can depend on:
    The nature of the business
    How the loan proceeds were used
    Whether the transaction is at arm’s length
    Current tax regulations
    4. What if the loan is interest-free?
    An interest-free loan is usually simpler.
    If:
    You borrow ₦5,000,000
    No interest is charged
    You repay over 2–3 years
    Then there is generally:
    No taxable income merely from receiving the loan
    No interest deduction (because no interest was paid)
    No tax deduction for principal repayments
    The main issue is maintaining proper documentation showing that the money is a loan and not income.
    5. What if the business makes losses?
    Suppose:
    Loan received: ₦5,000,000
    Business revenue: ₦1,000,000
    Business expenses: ₦1,500,000
    The loan itself is not part of taxable profit.
    Tax calculations are generally based on the business’s income and allowable expenses, not on the amount borrowed.
    Practical example
    Year 1:
    Loan received: ₦5,000,000
    Sales revenue: ₦8,000,000
    Operating expenses: ₦6,000,000
    Interest paid: ₦400,000
    Simplified calculation:
    Revenue = ₦8,000,000
    Less expenses = ₦6,000,000
    Less allowable interest = ₦400,000
    Taxable profit ≈ ₦1,600,000
    The ₦5,000,000 loan does not enter the profit calculation because it is not income.
    Important compliance point
    If the lender is a friend, family member, or private individual, it is wise to have a written loan agreement even if no interest is charged. If tax authorities or a bank later ask about the source of funds, you can demonstrate that the inflow was borrowed money rather than undeclared income.
    For a specific Nigerian business structure (sole proprietorship, partnership, or limited company), the detailed tax treatment can vary, and professional tax advice is worthwhile before taking a large loan.

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